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21.
The wolfberry (Lycium barbarumL.) fruit has been used in traditional Chinese medicine and food, but fruits grown in various geographic areas are significantly different in quality and content of functional components. In this study, we tested the internal nutritional ingredients and related environmental factors using forty-two wolfberry fruits collected from seven wolfberry producing regions in China (Yinchuan and Zhongning in Ningxia, Jingyuan in Gansu, Nuomuhong Farm in Qinghai,Hangjinhouqi and Wulateqianqi in Inner Mongolia, and Jinghe in Xinjiang). The nutritional ingredients of the forty-two wolfberry fruits are dependent on the environment. Correlation analysis revealed that the amount of nutrients was highly related to each other. Based on the analysis ofratio of total sugar to betaine (sugar-alkali ratio), we have successfully established quality standards for the wolfberry based on the levels of betaine and sugar. The standards were as follows: high betaine low sugar (sugar-alkali ratio≤15.1), high betaine medium sugar (15<sugar-alkali ratio≤60), medium betaine medium sugar (60<sugar-alkali ratio≤121), medium betaine high sugar (121<sugar-alkali ratio≤165), and low betaine high sugar (sugar-alkali ratio>165). Zhongning of Ningxia is the geo-authentic producing region of the wolfberry, whereby the wolfberries are rich in main pharmacological ingredients Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) and three trace elements (iron, manganese and selenium) and medium sugar-alkali ratio. In addition, the correlation analysis showed that both the altitude and average temperature difference between day and night had positive effects on the wolfberry flavonoids content but the annual sunshine duration negatively affected the betaine contents of the wolfberry fruit. 相似文献
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23.
William Kong Lili He Marc Coppola Jianping Guo Nicole N. Esposito Domenico Coppola Jin Q. Cheng 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2010,285(23):17869-17879
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women. Despite improvement in treatment over the past few decades, there is an urgent need for development of targeted therapies. miR-155 (microRNA-155) is frequently up-regulated in breast cancer. In this study, we demonstrate the critical role of miR-155 in regulation of cell survival and chemosensitivity through down-regulation of FOXO3a in breast cancer. Ectopic expression of miR-155 induces cell survival and chemoresistance to multiple agents, whereas knockdown of miR-155 renders cells to apoptosis and enhances chemosensitivity. Further, we identified FOXO3a as a direct target of miR-155. Sustained overexpression of miR-155 resulted in repression of FOXO3a protein without changing mRNA levels, and knockdown of miR-155 increases FOXO3a. Introduction of FOXO3a cDNA lacking the 3′-untranslated region abrogates miR-155-induced cell survival and chemoresistance. Finally, inverse correlation between miR-155 and FOXO3a levels were observed in a panel of breast cancer cell lines and tumors. In conclusion, our study reveals a molecular link between miR-155 and FOXO3a and presents evidence that miR-155 is a critical therapeutic target in breast cancer. 相似文献
24.
Summary Embryonic chick cardiac cell cultures, plated on collagen-coated dishes, containing serum-free synthetic media proliferate
actively. The basic medium contained Ham's F12 nutrient mixture, fetuin, ascorbic acid, and bovine serum albumin. This medium
was supplemented with various combinations of factors; endothelial cell growth supplement (ECGS), epidermal growth factor
(EGF), insulin (I), transferrin (T), selenium (S), hydrocortisone, and thyroxine or supplemented alone. Basic medium supplemented
with ECGS alone contributes to the highest final cell density among all other factors used in various combinations or alone.
The final cell density of the control culture with 2% fetal bovine serum was higher than those of all experimental cultures
and an additional control culture grown in the basic medium. Combinations of factors without ECGS do not promote significant
cell proliferation. Thyroxine is required to induce optimal differentiation and contractility of cardiac myocytes in vitro.
Fibronectin and laminin did not show any more influence than collagen did on the growth and maintenance of cardiac myocytes
in serum-free media. The proportion of cardiac muscle cells in ECGS-containing media was higher than those in other experimental
media and control media with the exception of ECGS and ITS-containing medium that showed lower proportion of cardiac myocytes
than that of serum-containing medium on Days 3 and 5. The profiles of incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA of heart cells in experimental and control cultures showed a peak in incorporation values within the
first week of culture and subsequently declined. Autoradiography studies revealed that cardiac myocytes in culture supplemented
with ECGS alone attained a peak in labeling index on Day 1 with approximately 62% labeled cells. Subsequently, the labeling
indices declined. Cardiac myocytes grown in media without ECGS showed significantly lower labeling indices than those in ECGS-containing
media. This study has demonstrated the influence of ECGS, EGF and ITS in promoting the growth of cardiac myocytes and also
in contributing to the maintenance of contractile cardiac myocytes in serum-free, long-term culture. The influence of ECGS
on heart cell proliferation is considered to be superior to that of EGF and ITS.
This study was supported in part by a grant HL-25482 from the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute and a grant from the
American Heart Association of Michigan. 相似文献
25.
Kyllinga nervosa (Steud.) and Sporobolus kentrophyllus (K. Schum.) are co-dominant plants of the Serengeti short-grass plains, Tanzania. The plains are characterized by seasonal and sporadic rainfall and currently support in excess of 1.5 million migratory ungulates. The interactive effect of simulated bovine urine and water availability were tested on the competitive interactions of these species in the laboratory.
Sporobolus kentrophyllus was a superior competitor to K. nervosa over the tested treatment levels with respect to growth and reproductive effort. Sporobolus kentrophyllus exhibited rapid growth in response to urine addition, leading to a significant species × urine interaction while reduced growth by K. nervosa in response to low water availability explained the significant species × water interaction and is likely explained by K. nervosa's shallow root system. Kyllinga nervosa, however, appears to be more tolerant of low nitrogen conditions based on its similar growth with and without the urine treatment. The effect of intraspecific competition on total biomass was similar for S. kentrophyllus and K. nervosa. Competition resulted in increased size differences (asymmetry) for K. nervosa and for the interspecific competition treatments compared to the size differences observed for plants grown individually (in absence of competition).Total reproductive biomass was reduced most by competition with S. kentrophyllus, irrespective of target species. The water treatment did not influence reproduction while the urine treatment significantly increased reproductive biomass and interacted with target species, competitor species, and yielded a three-way urine × target × competitor species interaction.Results suggest that codominance of these two species in the Serengeti is regulated by water availability, nitrogen input from grazers, and local neighbor identity. 相似文献
26.
A feature of many sugarcane fields is the patchy growth. This is often thought to be due to physical or chemical differences in the soil. In this paper we investigate the causes of growth heterogeneity of sugarcane on a sandy soil in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. To identify the factors that were associated with the good and poor areas, soil texture, pH, organic matter content and a number of soil chemical elements and nematode community data were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA). The numbers of each of the nematode species (Meloidogyne sp., Pratylenchus zeae, Helicotylenchus dihystera, Xiphinema elongatum and Paratrichodorus sp.) were first converted to relative proportions of ectoparasites and endoparasites. The data were collected from the 2nd ratoon crop of a nematicide trial, where half of the plots had been treated with aldicarb in the preceding two crops. Yields of control plots varied from 34.7 to 126.8 t cane ha–1 and from 85.4 to 138.7 for the treated plots. The yield data were centred and normalised separately for the treated and control plots and the values projected on the trial map to study spatial distribution. Plots with above-average yields, whether treated or untreated, occurred in the lower part of the trial site. The PCA factorial values were also projected onto the map of the trial. According to the first factor of the analysis of the abiotic soil characteristics in the 0–20 cm surface layer, the trial site could be divided into two areas, one on the left and one on the right. PCA of the soil data from the 0–20 and 20–40 cm layers showed that there was little or no difference between the two that might explain the two growth areas. However, analysis of the nematode community distinguished two main areas that largely corresponded to the distribution of the plots of low and high yielding cane. Correlation analysis confirmed the relationship between nematodes and yield. H. dihystera was positively correlated with yield of cane whereas the reverse was true for the Meloidogyne species. 相似文献
27.
Neurotrophic Factors Prevent Ceramide-Induced Apoptosis Downstream of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Activation in PC12 Cells 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Abstract: Neurotrophic factors prevent apoptosis of PC12 cells in serum-free medium. The present study determines whether neurotrophic factors can prevent ceramide-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells and investigates the role that c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation may play in this system. Ceramide-induced apoptosis was inhibited by nerve growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating peptide, 4-(8-chlorophenylthio)cyclic AMP, and the caspase inhibitor benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala- dl -Asp fluoromethyl ketone (zVAD-FMK). It was surprising that inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and/or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase did not markedly block the protective effects exerted by neurotrophic factors against ceramide-induced apoptosis, suggesting that neurotrophic factors can promote survival independently of these signaling pathways. Treatment of PC12 cells with ceramide resulted in a time-dependent increase in JNK activity. However, neither neurotrophic factors nor zVAD-FMK attenuated ceramide-stimulated JNK activation. Further experiments indicated that ceramide-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells requires new protein synthesis, and that nerve growth factor and zVAD-FMK can prevent apoptosis after JNK activity has been detected. These results indicate that ceramide-induced JNK activation is an early event and may be required for the expression of essential components of the apoptotic machinery. It is anticipated that neurotrophic factors inhibit ceramide-induced apoptosis by affecting signaling events downstream of JNK activation. 相似文献
28.
1. Female eugenia psyllids Trioza eugeniae oviposit on the margins of expanding young Syzygium paniculatum leaves. The developing nymphs, feeding within pit‐shaped galls on the leaves, cause the leaves to become curled and deformed. The degree of leaf curling was correlated positively with densities of T. eugeniae nymphs. 2. High relative humidity increased persistence of nymphs on leaves at low insect densities, but persistence did not differ between high or low relative humidity conditions when nymphal densities were high and leaves were greatly curled. 3. Direct insolation increased nymphal mortality. Nymphs on the abaxial leaf surface in the direct sun had lower mortality than similarly exposed nymphs on the adaxial leaf surface. 4. Field populations showed high preference for abaxial leaf surfaces and a stronger preference for shaded adaxial surfaces than for exposed adaxial surfaces. 5. Adverse environmental conditions of direct insolation and low relative humidity may be mitigated by leaf curl associated with moderate populations, however competition at high nymphal density supersedes any potential benefit arising from leaf curling and has a negative effect on nymphal survival. 相似文献
29.
30.
E. B. Kirichenko Yu. V. Orlova D. V. Kurilov 《Russian Journal of Plant Physiology》2008,55(6):846-853
Abstrac The composition of essential oil of Artemisia lerchiana Web. plants growing in Volgograd oblast was studied. Sampling was performed from plots contrasting in climatic and soil characteristics.
Essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation. The content of essential oil in shoot biomass increased gradually during
shoot formation, flower bud formation, and flowering beginning and then decreased. The highest content of essential oil varied
from 1.1 to 1.5% of plant dry weight at the stage of flower bud formation. More than thirty compounds were identified by gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry. The following major components were found: camphor, borneol, bornylacetate, camphene, and
1,8-cineole. Some of compounds (sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpenoids) were identified for the first time. The time-course of
accumulation of essential oil components strongly depended on habitat edaphic factors and climatic conditions during the year
of sampling. The results permit a conclusion that A. lerchiana is a valuable producer of essential oils.
Original Russian Text ? E.B. Kirichenko, Yu.V. Orlova, D.V. Kurilov, 2008, published in Fiziologiya Rastenii, 2008, Vol. 55,
No. 6, pp. 934–941. 相似文献